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The diagnostic protocol is shifting: Rule out medical causes before diagnosing a behavioral disorder. Veterinary science provides the tools (X-rays, blood work, ultrasound); animal behavior provides the context (Why is the patient reacting now ?).

or academic level (e.g., undergraduate vs. professional journal)? full-length draft The diagnostic protocol is shifting: Rule out medical

In the wild, showing signs of pain or illness makes an animal a target for predators. Consequently, most species have evolved to hide their suffering. A cat suffering from severe osteoarthritis may not limp; instead, it might simply stop jumping onto its favorite window sill or become uncharacteristically aggressive when touched. The diagnostic protocol is shifting: Rule out medical

Separate waiting areas for dogs and cats prevent predatory stress. Pheromone diffusers (such as Feliway or Adaptil) are used to emit calming chemical signals. The diagnostic protocol is shifting: Rule out medical