This reaction occurs in two stages. First, the ammonia attacks to form an intermediate alkylammonium salt (
Task 2: Explaining "Substitution vs. Elimination" Conditions reactions of halogenoalkanes 1 chemsheets answers exclusive
Forgetting the positive charge on the intermediate nitrogen atom in the ammonia mechanism, or omitting the negative charge on the leaving halide ion. This reaction occurs in two stages
This is the advanced section on Chemsheets 1 that separates A/A* students from B/C students. This is the advanced section on Chemsheets 1
Explain why 1-iodobutane reacts faster with NaOH(aq) than 1-chlorobutane. A1. The C-I bond is weaker and longer than the C-Cl bond. It has a lower bond enthalpy, meaning less energy is required to break it in the rate-determining step of the nucleophilic substitution reaction, allowing the iodide ion to leave more readily.
Both reactions start with the same halogenoalkane and a base/nucleophile (e.g., OH⁻). The outcome depends on: